A Republican Person, typically known as a GOP (for Grand Old Person, although of these early citation described it when a Gallant Old Person [http://www.gop.com/About/Default.aspx?Section=2]), is one of them major political parties in the United States (a more existence the Democratic Party). In a modern political era, a GOP is commonly considered the supplementary conservative of the two major parties, although this has been disputed within recent years.

A todays President of the United States, George W. Bush, is a member of the party and its de facto leader. A Republican Person presently has majorities in the Senate and the House of Representatives, when well as around governorships & a majority of state legislatures.

Major policies that a person has supported recently include issues like a 2003 invasion of Iraq and libertarian issues such as through-a-all-encompassing tax cuts, gun ownership rights, and the unfair denationalisation of Social Security. A person tends to hang on to traditionally conservative stances on such social issues when abortion and same-sex marriage. All a equivalent, numerous Republicans, piece conservativist in economic issues, din't part the same conservativism on social issues.

A official symbol of the Republican Person is the elephant. Although the elephant experienced on occasion been associated by owning a person earliest, a political cartoon by Thomas Nast, published in ''Harper's Weekly on November 7, 1874, is considered the first important use of the symbol [http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Year=2003&Month=November&Date=7]. inside a early 20th century, the traditional symbol of the Republican Person in Midwestern states like Indiana and Ohio was the eagle, as opposed to the Popular rooster. This symbol however appears in Indiana ballots.

Organization
For extra info in how else Our contries political parties come organized, view Politics of the United States.

A Republican National Committee (RNC) of a United States is responsible for getting & promoting the Republican political platform, when well as for coordinative fundraising & election strategy. There are similar committees inside every U.S. state and most U.S. counties (though in some states, party organization lower than state-level is arranged by legislative districts). These are a counterpart of the Democratic National Committee. A president of the RNC, since January of 2005, is Ken Mehlman.

A Republican Person as well has fundraising & strategy committees for House races (National Republican Congressional Committee), Senate races (National Republican Senatorial Committee), and gubernatorial races (Republican Governors Association).

Factions
Independent article: Factions in the Republican Party (United States)''

Defining a views of any "faction" of any big political person is hard at the best, & any attempt to use labels inside one political person is subject to a few oversimplification. Still, there are many ideologic groups recognized by a select few in a modern-contemporary GOP, including the religious right, paleoconservatives, neoconservatives, moderates, fiscal conservatives, Log Cabin Republicans, and libertarians.

History and trends

Birth
Organised inside Ripon, Wisconsin on February 28, 1854, as a party opposed to the expansion of slavery into new territories, a Person is does'nt to exist as confused using a Democratic-Republican party of Thomas Jefferson or the National Republican Party of Henry Clay. when a matter of fact, a ideology of a born-again Gop is seen by occasionally as the successor to the Federalist Party (United States) of John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. Nonetheless, in the period of Jefferson's presidency, he was known as the "Republican", however a information was to a person currently called the Democratic-Republican Party. That person late split into a Democratic Party and the Whig Party. A latter was formed in the winterinstance of 1833-1834 however was defunct per time of the American Civil War.

A number one convention of the U.S. Republican Persin was held on July 6, 1854, in Jackson, Michigan. Numerous of its initial policies were inspired per Whig Person, which by so was within decline. Several of a early members of a Republican Person come from either the Whigs, the Free Soil Party, and American Party. Since its origin, its primary opposition has been a Democratic Person.

John C. Frémont ran as the first Republican nominee for President in 1856, using the political slogan: "Free soil, free labor, free speech, free men, Frémont." Although Frémont's bid was unsuccessful, the party grew especially rapidly in Midwestern states, where slavery had long been prohibited, and in the Northeast, culminating in a sweep of victories in the Northern states. A following election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 ended a domination of the fragile coalition of pro-slavery southern Democrats & conciliatory northern Democrats which got existed since the times of Andrew Jackson. Instead, the newly era of Republican dominance depending in the industrial northward ensued. Republicans however typically refer to their person when a "party of Lincoln" in honor of the number 1 Republican President.

Late nineteenth century

By using a prevent of the Civil War came the upheavals of Reconstruction under Democratic President Andrew Johnson (world health organization got bitingly disputes sustaining a Republicans inside Congress, who finally impeached him) and Ulysses S. Grant, a Republican. For the brief time period, Republicans assumed control of Southern politics, forcing drastic reforms & ofttimes returning previous slaves positions around government. This poronotus triacanthus especially to a previous slaves getting the vote when it was denied to several whites world health organization experienced participated in the Confederacy. A huge majority of African-Americans world health organization were permitted to vote were registered when Republicans until a early 1900s. Reconstruction come to an prevent by having a election of Rutherford B. Hayes through the Compromise of 1877.

Though states' rights was a reason supported by each Northern & Southern states prior to a War, control of a federal government led the Republican Person to trend lines an active role for the federal government. the loyal unity that developed north because of the war led to a string of military men when President, & an era of international expansion & farm protectionism. When the rural Northern postbellum economy mushroomed by having industry & immigration, trend lines for commerce & industry became a hallmark of Republican policy. from either either a Reconstruction era as much as a turn of a century, a Republicans benefited from the Democrats' association with a Confederacy and dominated national politics – albeit with heavy competition from either a Democrats, especially in a period of the Eighties. Sustaining them-term presidency of Ulysses S. Grant, a person became known for its heavy protagonism of commerce, industry, & veterans' rights.

When you took a Eighties & Nineties, a Republicans struggled against a Democrats' efforts, winning many close elections & losing deuce to Grover Cleveland (in 1884 and 1892).

Early twentieth century

A election of William McKinley in 1896 is widely seen as a resurgence of Republican dominance and is sometimes cited as a realigning election. He relied heavy in industry for his support and cemented a Republicans when a person of business; his campaign manager, Ohio's Marcus Hanna, developed a elaborated project for contracting contributions from either a business globe, & McKinley outspent his rival William Jennings Bryan by a big margin. This emphasis inside business was in section mitigated by Theodore Roosevelt, McKinley's successor after assassination, world health organization engaged within trust-busting.

Roosevelt did non search an additional term in 1908, instead endorsing Secretary of War William Howard Taft as his successor, but the widening division between progressive and conservative forces in the party resulted in a third-party candidacy for Roosevelt on the Progressive, or "Bull Moose" ticket in the election of 1912. He finished ahead of Taft, however the split within the Republican vote resulted in a decisive triumph for Democrat Woodrow Wilson, temporarily interrupting the Republican era.

A person controlled a presidency throughout a 1920s, running in the platform of isolationism and "laissez-faire" economics, although economic isolationism (tariffs, etc.) & laissez-faire political economy come reciprocally exclusive. (Several imagine that confessedly laissez-faire economic policy ended by having a 1896 Democratic Candidacy of William Jennings Bryan.) Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover were resoundingly elected in 1920, 1924, and 1928 respectively, but the Great Depression cost Hoover the presidency with the landslide election of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Roosevelt's New Deal coalition controlled American politics for the next tierce decades, excepting them-term presidency of World War II General Dwight Eisenhower.

Second half of the twentieth century

the post-war emergence of the United States when one of 2 major power & rapid social vary caused the Republican Person to divide into a conservative faction (dominant in the West & Southeast) & a liberal faction (dominant in New England) – combined with a residual base of inherited progressive Midwestern Republicanism active throughout the century. The Republican prefer U.S. Sen Robert Taft of Ohio represented the Midwestern wing of the person that continued to oppose New Deal reforms and continued to champion isolationism. Thomas Dewey represented the Northeastern wing of the person that was nearer to Popular liberalism & internationalism. In the prevent, the isolationists were marginalized by people world health organization supported a heavy U.S. role around opposing a Soviet Union throughout the world, every bit embodied by President Eisenhower. All a same, this development did non represent the prevent of the story. A seeds of conservative dominance in the Gop were planted in the nomination of conservative Barry Goldwater over liberal Nelson Rockefeller as the Republican candidate for the 1964 presidential election.

Of these element of the New Deal coalition was the "Solid South", a term describing a Southern states' dependable trend lines for Popular presidential candidates. Goldwater's electoral profits to the south, & Nixon's successful Southern strategy four years later, represented a significant political change, as Southern white protestants began moving into the party, largely in reaction to some Democratics' opposition to Civil Rights legislation. Late, a Democratic Person's trend lines for liberal social stances like abortion and same-sex marriage drove many previous Democrats into a Gop that was embracing the conservative views in these issues. On a other hand, liberal Republicans in the northeast began to join the Democratic Person. In The Emerging Republican Majority, Kevin Phillips, then the Nixon strategian, argued (according to the 1968 election results) that support from Southern whites and growth in the Sun Belt, among other factors, was driving an enduring Republican electoral realignment.

Any enduring Republican majority, notwithstanding, was fictitious hang on to while a Watergate Scandal forced Nixon to resign under threat of impeachment. Gerald Ford succeeded Nixon under the Twenty-fifth Amendment & struggled to forge the political identity separate from either his predecessor. A contamiunited states of Watergate & a nation's economic difficulties contributed to the election of Democrat Jimmy Carter in 1976, a Washington outsider.

A trends Phillips described, still, can be seen in the 1980 and 1984 elections of Ronald Reagan - the latter being a landslide in which Reagan won nearly 59% of the popular vote and carried 49 of the 50 states - as well as the Newt Gingrich-led "Republican Revolution" of 1994 and its Contract With America. A latter was a 1st period around Forty years that a Republicans secured control of two houses of U.S. Congress, which, with the exception of the Senate during 2001-2002, has been retained through the present time.

That month, the GOP campaigned in the platform of major reforms of government using measures, like a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution and welfare reform. These measures & others formed a notable Contract with America, which were subsequently considered per Congress, although non wholly things passed. Popular President Bill Clinton opposed many of the social agenda initiatives, by having welfare reform and a balanced federal budget notable exceptions. the Republican-controlled Home of Representatives likewise failed to muster them-thirds majority called upon to pass one of a virtually all popular proposals – a Constitutional amendment to inflict term limits on members of Congress. Inside 1995, a budget battle using Clinton led to the brief closing of the federal government, an event which contributed to Clinton's triumph in the 1996 election.

Present day

By owning a triumph of George W. Bush in the closely contested 2000 election, the Republican party gained control of the presidency and both houses of Congress for the first time since 1952. After Vermont Senator James Jeffords left the Gop to be an independent within 2001, Republicans temporarily misused control of the Senate until 2002. In the wake up of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States, however, Bush's popularity rose when he pursued the "War on Terrorism" that included the invasion of Afghanistan and the USA PATRIOT Act.

A Republican Person fared swell in the 2002 midterm elections, solidifying its hold on a Home & regaining control of the Senate, in the start-as much as the war in Iraq. This marked just the third period since a Civil War that the person inside control of the White Home gained seats inside each houses of Congress inside a midterm election (others were 1902 & 1934). In November 2, 2004, Bush was re-elected to a second term. Bush received 51% of the popular vote, becoming the 1st presidential candidate to win a majority of the popular vote since 1988. Republicans gained extra seats around two houses of Congress, allowing Democrats over again in the minority.

A Republican 2004 political platform was titled "A Safer World and a More Hopeful America". It expressed commitment to: Winning a War on Terror Ushering within an Ownership Era Building an Innovative Economy to Compete in the World Strengthening My Communities Protecting My Families

Future

So, by 2006, Republicans will have controlled a White Home for Twenty-six of a former 38 years, & the Congress since 1994 (with a brief interruption in the Senate). Conservative commentators speculate, & Republicans hope, that this can be the lasting realignment. Karl Rove, President Bush's chief political adviser, has been reported to exist as the lament student of the presidential election of 1896, in which Mark Hanna helped William McKinley construct a Republican majority that lasted for the next 36 years.

A predictions of a few left-wing commentators, like Ruy Teixeira and John Judis (in The Emerging Democratic Majority, 2002), see such prospects when improbable, given that Republican elector come overpoweringly white & typically rural, deuce groups shrinking inside proportional demographic terms, when Democrats tend to win fit majorities among Hispanics, African Americans, and city indweller. Observers as well note a inconsistent views held inside a Republican Person, by having spectacular differences between anti-government libertarians & social conservativist. Numbers of liberals too contend that a fact that a triumph was good deal nearer than it would stand been it used to be that. John Kerry was the Massachusetts liberal, was attempting to unseat an officeholder around war period, & ran the campaign considered by a bit of to become largely inept. It used to be that, this combination would keep around probably given the opponent a landslide triumph, however potentially by owning a lot these factors, Bush's re-election marginside was a 2nd nearest in history.

Their conservative counterparts, all the same, note Bush's proportional profits among Hispanic elector, winning 35% of their vote within 2000 and 44% in 2004. Notwithstanding, a latter figure has been questioned by occasionally analysts, virtually all notably Steve Sailer, whose analysis of several exit polls laid Hispanic trend lines for Bush inside 2004 at the utmost of 39%. Among African Western elector, Bush - rather completely recent Republican presidential candidates - wasted overpoweringly two days, though he did handle to increase his trend lines from either 9% around 2000 to 11% inside 2004. It too point to Republican nature and severity within quickly growing exurbs and in the booming metropolitan areas of the South; indeed, in 2004, Bush won ninety-seven of the hundred fastest growing counties in the country.

A bit of commentators instead point to the contested nature & severity of the endure couple elections and problems by owning Diebold & other voting machine systems, and wonder whether demographics or even canvass come presently meaningful predictors of election effects.

Presidential tickets

Other noted Republicans

Present-day
George Allen, Senator from Virginia. Howard Baker, Ambassador to Japan Michael Bloomberg, Businessman & City manager of New York City Jeb Bush, Governor of Florida Saxby Chambliss, Senator from Georgia Dick Cheney, Vice President Norm Coleman, Senator from Minnesota Tom DeLay, House Majority Leader, from Texas Bob Dole, 1996 Party Candidate for President & previous U.S. Senator. Elizabeth Dole, Senator from North Carolina, former Labor Secretary and Transportation Secretary, and previous presidential candidate John Engler, former Governor of Michigan Bill Frist, Senate Majority Leader, from Tennessee Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House, from Georgia Phil Gramm, former Senator from either Texas Rudy Giuliani, former Mayor of New York Alexander Haig, former Secretary of State Dennis Hastert, Speaker of the House, from either Illinois Jesse Helms, former Senator from either North Carolina Mike Huckabee, current Governor of Arkansas Thomas Kean, former Governor from either New Jersey Henry Kissinger, former Secretary of State Trent Lott, former Senate Majority Leader, from either Mississippi John McCain, Senator from Arizona and former presidential candidate George Pataki, Governor of New York Tim Pawlenty, Governor of Minnesota Colin Powell, former Secretary of State Dan Quayle, former Vice President Tom Ridge, former Homeland Security Secretary Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State Dana Rohrabacher, Representative from California Karl Rove, president George W. Bush's chief political strategist Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense Mark Sanford, Governor of South Carolina Rick Santorum, Senator from Pennsylvania and chairman of the Senate Republican Conference George P. Shultz, former Secretary of State and Secretary of the Treasury Arlen Specter, Senator from Pennsylvania Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor of California Caspar Weinberger. previous Secretary of Defense Christine Todd Whitman, former Governor of New Jersey and former administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Pete Wilson, former Governor of California Paul O'Neill, former Treasury Secretary, former member of the Presidents Security Council

Historical
James G. Blaine (1830 - 1893), former Senator from Maine and Presidential candidate John Connally (1917 - 1993), a Governor of Texas Joseph Gurney Cannon (1836 - 1926), Speaker of the House Charles Curtis (1860 - 1936), Vice President Charles G. Dawes (1865 - 1951), Vice President George Frisbie Hoar (1826 - 1904), Senator from Massachusetts Robert G. Ingersoll (1833 - 1899), political activist Henry Cabot Lodge (1850-1924) Senator from Massachusetts Joseph McCarthy (1908 - 1957), Senator from Wisconsin and noted anti-communist Thomas Brackett Reed (1839 - 1902), Speaker of the House Nelson Rockefeller (1908 - 1979), Vice President, Governor of New York, and recurrent presidential candidate Leland Stanford (1824 - 1893), Governor of California, Senator, and founder of Stanford University Robert Alphonso Taft (1889 - 1953), Senator and previous presidential candidate Strom Thurmond (1902 - 2003), the oldest serving Senator within history (from either South Carolina) Arthur H. Vandenberg (1884 - 1951), Senator from Michigan Earl Warren (1891 - 1974), Governor of California and Chief Justice of the United States

Lists
List of state Republican Parties in the U.S. List of Republican National Conventions List of liberal U.S. Republicans List of Republican celebrities